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Gastroenterology

Fecal transplant and recurrent Clostridium difficile infections: bacteriophages are necessary in donors

C difficile
Gastroenterology

According to a Canadian study, the diversity and relative abundance in donors’ bacteriophages seem to have an impact on the success of fecal transplants in patients with recurrent Clostridium difficile infections.

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Actu PRO : Greffe fécale et infection récidivante à Clostridium difficile : des bactériophages essentiels chez les donneurs

About this article

Created 04 June 2019
Updated 06 October 2021

 

Despite the positive results obtained with fecal microbiota transplants (FMT) as a first-line treatment for recurrent Clostridium difficile infections (rCDI), 8 to 50% of patients relapse. Recent works have shown the potential influence of bacteriophages–a virus that infects bacteria within the gut microbiota–on the success rate of fecal transplants. A Canadian team thus studied the impact of bacteriophage populations in donors and patients with rCDI treated with FMT via colonoscopy.

Impact of FMT on bacteriophages

Unsurprisingly, all 19 recipients from this trial had a less diversified gut microbiota than the 7 donors. The diversity of their bacteriophages was greater than that of donors and of the 96 control subjects. This was potentially due the administration of vancomycin in the 24 hours before the transplant, which could trigger the induction of phages. The FMT, which was effective from the first administration in 12 patients, led to a reduction of this increased diversity. For the 7 patients who received a second FMT, bacteriophage diversity was only reduced on the second attempt.

Importance of donors’ profile

On the bacterial front, recipients’ profile became more similar to the donors’ after a successful transplant: increased levels of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, decreased levels of Proteobacteria, which were prevalent until then (mainly species from the Klebsiella and Escherichia genera). Nevertheless, no difference was observed between patients who had a positive response after the first transplant and those who did not. On the contrary, donors’ bacteriophages seem to be correlated to the successful or failed outcome of the transplant: greater diversity as well as decreased relative abundance were associated to a successful FMT. But before using donors’ bacteriophage composition as a prognostic factor for FMT in the treatment of rCDI, the researchers call for revised research methods into this facet of the gut flora which is still largely unknown. They believe these results are probably only the “tip of the iceberg”.

 

Sources

Park H, Laffin MR, Jovel J et al. The success of fecal microbial transplantation in Clostridium difficile infection correlates with bacteriophage relative abundance in the donor: a retrospective cohort study, Gut Microbes. 2019;10(6):676-687

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Fecal transplant AAD Dysbiosis CDI Clostridium difficile Bacteriophage

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    Created 04 June 2019
    Updated 06 October 2021

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