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  2. Chronical inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD)
  3. Association between fungal dysbiosis and environment
Gastroenterology

Association between fungal dysbiosis and environment

IBD
Gastroenterology

The fungal portion of the gut microbiota (or mycobiota) has been much less studied than the bacterial portion but could also be involved, since a fungal dysbiosis was also observed in patients with IBD. Possible interactions between bacteria and fungi have been mentioned.

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About this article

Created 17 September 2019
Updated 15 April 2022

It appears that the bacterial and viral components of the microbiota are not the only ones to be affected in patients with IBD. The mycobiota, i.e. all fungi present in the gut ecosystem, also seems to be disrupted.

Disrupted microbiota

A study conducted in 235 patients with IBD and 38 healthy controls brought to light the presence of a fungal dysbiosis in affected patients: increase of the Basidiomycetes/Ascomycetes ratio, decrease in the proportion of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and increase in that of Candida albicans.9 In patients with CD, it is believed that the development of fungi occurs to the detriment of bacteria, triggering a loss of diversity. Moreover, interactions between these two kingdoms (bacteria and fungi) also seem to be degraded compared to those observed in healthy subjects, thus revealing inter-kingdom alterations specific to IBD. Although data on the fungal portion of the microbiota are still very fragmented, these initial results suggest that the mycobiota plays a role in the pathogenesis of IBD. This dysbiosis, characterized by alterations in biodiversity and composition, adds itself to the bacterial dysbiosis.

Urbanization as a cause of this dysbiosis?

Meanwhile, some research teams focused on the link observed between rapid urbanization and increased incidence of autoimmune diseases, including IBD.7 Several hypotheses were suggested, including one involving the mycobiota: the Western diet, rich in carbohydrates, which promotes the development of Candida in the intestines; the impact of atmospheric pollution in urban areas which could reduce fungal biodiversity; and quality of urban air, less rich in some spores (Actinomyces, Botrytis…) than rural air. It seems that urbanization does not only impact the mycobiota but could also be related to the dysbiosis of other microorganism communities (bacteria, viruses, parasites...).

ROLE OF ENTERIC HELMINTHS

  • Helminths are parasitic worms. They include nematodes (roundworms) and platyhelminths (flatworms).
  • The absence of helminths has been associated to the development of IBD, while their presence seems to prevent the development of IBD.
  • They probably play an immunoregulatory role within the gut microbiota (development of anti-inflammatory mechanisms, increase of mucus and fluid secretion in the intestinal lumen...)
  • Ingesting Trichuris suis eggs could have a protective effect against IBD.7,10
Sources

9 Sokol H, Leducq V, Aschard H, et al. Fungal microbiota dysbiosis in IBD. Gut. 2017;66(6):1039-1048.


10 Helmby H. Human helminth therapy to treat inflammatory disorders - where do we stand?. BMC Immunol. 2015;16:12. 

Tags
Dysbiosis Urbanization Ulcerative Colitis IBD Gut health Fungi Crohn's disease

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    Focus
    Chronical inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD)
    • Dysbiosis in IBD
      • A bacterial dysbiosis characteristic of IBD
      • Each IBD has its own virome
      • Association between fungal dysbiosis and environment
    • Pathophysiology of dysbiosis
      • Role of the intestinal epithelium and the innate immune response
      • Focus on the role of antimicrobial peptides
    • What role could microbiota modulation play?
      • Fecal microbiota transplant: mixed results
      • Use of probiotics
    • Expert opinion
      • Pr. Philippe Seksik: Towards an innovative management of IBD
    Created 17 September 2019
    Updated 15 April 2022

    About this article

    To know more about this topic.

    Main topic

    IBD

    Medical practice

    Gastroenterology

    Content type

    Dossier detail
    Each IBD has its own virome
    Role of the intestinal epithelium and the innate immune response
    Focus

    Chronical inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD)

    Dysbiosis in IBD

    A bacterial dysbiosis characteristic of IBD Each IBD has its own virome Association between fungal dysbiosis and environment

    Pathophysiology of dysbiosis

    Role of the intestinal epithelium and the innate immune response Focus on the role of antimicrobial peptides

    What role could microbiota modulation play?

    Fecal microbiota transplant: mixed results Use of probiotics

    Expert opinion

    Pr. Philippe Seksik: Towards an innovative management of IBD
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