Lupus is a systemic chronic inflammatory disease that manifests differently from one patient to another. This autoimmune disease seems to be the result of genetic and environmental factors. Studies are ongoing regarding the possible influence of the microbiota.

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that affects the joints. It seems to be multifactorial and involve genetic and environment factors, and very probably the intestinal and oral microbiota.

Gingivitis is an inflammation of the gums whose persistence should raise concern about the risk of suffering a significantly more severe periodontal disease. It originates as the result of a change in the bacterial flora in dental plaque.

Periodontal diseases are common and irreversible diseases that may eventually lead to loosening of teeth. Their onset is associated with an imbalance in the flora of the dental plaque.

Atherosclerosis is characterized by the formation of atheromatous plaques which clog arteries. Microbiota plays a role in this disease, particularly in plaque formation and rupture.

Acne is primarily attributed to hormonal changes but it may also be associated with a specific skin microbiota, which is likely influenced by the gut-brain-skin axis.

There seems to be a complex interaction between the cutaneous immune system and the microbiota which plays a role in the appearance of atopic eczema. Its modulation with probiotics is a promising avenue as a preventive measure.

The inflammatory origin of psoriasis remains mysterious. Study results showed microbiota changes in these patients.

Celiac disease is a disease with many unknowns. A new field of explanations has been opened with evidence suggesting that celiac patients present a dysbiosis in the intestinal microbiota, which promotes the pro-inflammatory role of gluten.

Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a state of intestinal malabsorption following resection. The remaining colon and its microbiota play a decisive role in how the intestine adapts after resection.

Vaginal yeast infection, a common fungal infection of the vulva and vagina, seems to be more likely to occur if the balance of the vaginal microbiota is disrupted. Treatment is increasingly directed towards the use of probiotics.

Bacterial vaginosis, the most common gynecological disease, has a considerable effect on women’s quality of life. It is the result of an imbalance in the vaginal flora that can be regulated through the use of probiotics.

The presence of cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors, like elevated glycemia and cholesterol, hypertension, … is influenced by the composition of the intestinal microbiota.

Imbalances in intestinal flora in infants favors the development of allergic asthma. Studies have been carried out on the prevention of allergic asthma with probiotics or prebiotics. 

Allergic rhinitis, the most common manifestation of respiratory allergy, frequently progresses to allergic asthma. It is associated with dysbiosis in the gastrointestinal and ENT microbiota.

Winter is prime season for respiratory infections, which take advantage of a weakened immune system. Probiotics and synbiotics may be added to the prevention strategy and existing therapy.

Cystic fibrosis is a rare genetic disease that is characterized by serious respiratory and digestive disorders. The intestinal microbiota may be involved in the pathophysiology and progression of this disease.

Rhinosinusitis is a chronic infection of the nasal and paranasal mucosa whose pathophysiological mechanisms are not fully understood yet. Studies on the role of the microbiota in its onset are being developed.

Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease that seems to start well before symptoms first appear. There is currently no treatment, but there are options with potential.

For roughly 15 years, it has been hypothesized that Parkinson’s disease does not originate exclusively in the brain, but also in the intestines. However, the potential biological mechanisms involved remain to be elucidated.

Recent hypotheses suggest that an alteration in the microbiota that sustains inflammation could favor schizophrenia. Resolving intestinal dysbiosis could potentially become a new treatment option.

The intestinal microbiota may become a target for therapy in the fight against multiple sclerosis (MS). The results of several studies showed its involvement in the onset of immune anomalies associated with myelin loss. 

The discovery of a role of the intestinal microbiota in anxiety disorders that affect hundreds of millions of individuals worldwide represents hope for research into new treatments.

Mood disorders, depression and bipolar disorder affect people of all ages and sometimes cause severe mental distress. Effective treatments exist and ongoing research is evaluating the impact of the intestinal microbiota on these disorders.

Previously called pediatric schizophrenia, autism-spectrum disorders (ASDs) now include autistic disorders and other childhood psychoses. ASDs often have gastrointestinal comorbidities.

In most cases, cystitis is caused by the appearance of a strain of Escherichia coli in the bladder coming from the intestine. The urinary microbiota is also modified in cases of infection.

In its acute form, prostate inflammation, or prostatitis, is most often caused by an infection. In its chronic form, however, it more likely implies an imbalance in the urinary microbiota.