Skip to main content
About the Institute
  • English
  • Français
  • Español
  • Russian

Breadcrumb

  1. Home
  2. Microbiota 7 - June 2019
  3. Gut Microbiota for Health World Summit 2019
  • Our publications
    • News
    • Microbiota Mag
    • Thematic folders
    • Overviews - Microbiota Magazine
  • About the Institute
    • Partnerships
    • Press room
  • Congresses
    • Congress calendar
    • Congress reviews
  • Continuing Medical Education
    • Accrediting courses
    • Xpeer App
  • Useful documents
    • Infographics
    About the Institute

    Join the microbiota community

    • Facebook
    • Twitter
    • LinkedIn
    • YouTube

Lay public section

Find here your dedicated section
Gastroenterology
Gynecology
Pediatrics
Dermatology

Breadcrumb

  1. Home
  2. Microbiota 7 - June 2019
  3. Gut Microbiota for Health World Summit 2019
Gastroenterology

Gut Microbiota for Health World Summit 2019

IBD

Congress review

By Pr. Francisco Guarner
Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain

Gastroenterology
Gynecology
Pediatrics
Dermatology
  • Our publications
    • News
    • Microbiota Mag
    • Thematic folders
    • Overviews - Microbiota Magazine
  • About the Institute
    • Partnerships
    • Press room
  • Congresses
    • Congress calendar
    • Congress reviews
  • Continuing Medical Education
    • Accrediting courses
    • Xpeer App
  • Useful documents
    • Infographics
    About the Institute

    Join the microbiota community

    • Facebook
    • Twitter
    • LinkedIn
    • YouTube

Lay public section

Find here your dedicated section

Sources

This article is based on scientific information

Sharing is caring

Your colleagues might be interested in this topic. Why not share it?

  • Facebook
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Mail

Sections

About this article

Created 25 August 2021
Updated 04 November 2021

During its 8th edition last March, the GMFH devoted considerable place to diet and the way it interacts with the gut microbiome, preventing or promoting diseases.

Diet and the gut microbiome

Diet is a key element for the symbiotic interactions between gut microbes and the host, and it is considered as one of the main drivers in shaping the gut microbiota across lifetime, as reviewed by Jack A. Gilbert (UC, San Diego), Susan Devkota (Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles), and Lipping Zhao (Rutgers, New Jersey). Foods deliver numerous substrates for microbial metabolism and the microbiome is a chemical factory that synthesizes metabolites important for human health. Macro- and micronutrients in food influence the structure and functions of the gut microbial ecosystem in such way that diet appears to be the most important determinant of similarity in gut microbial composition across humans.[1]

Self-reported dietary data from the American Gut project [2] suggest that the number of unique plant species that a subject consumes is associated with microbial diversity, rather than self-reported categories such as “vegan” or “omnivore”. Higher microbial diversity and higher abundance of short chain fatty acid (SCFA) producer species was found in individuals eating more than 30 types of plants per week as compared to those eating less than 10 types of plants per week. The faecal metabolome also differed between both groups. In addition, individuals who consume more than 30 types of plants compared to those who consume 10 or fewer plants had significantly lower abundance of antibiotic resistance genes.

Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome is a definable state with mechanistic implications. It is not just a change in microbial diversity but a rupture of the mutualistic balance between microbiota and host, where inadequate diet plays a detrimental role. During homeostasis, colonocyte metabolism is directed towards oxidative phosphorylation, resulting in high epithelial oxygen consumption. The consequent epithelial hypoxia helps maintain a microbial community dominated by obligate anaerobes, which provide benefit by converting fibre into fermentation products (SCFA) absorbed by the host. Conditions that alter metabolism of the epithelium, such as a fibre poor diet, increase epithelial oxygenation, thereby driving an expansion of facultative anaerobes, a hallmark of dysbiosis in the colon.[3] The shift in the colonic microbiota composition from obligate to facultative anaerobes, associated with many chronic human illnesses, might have a common underpinning in colonocyte dysfunction. As highlighted by Susan Devkota, if choosing a strict or extreme dietary regime, consuming mixed fibre types can support the microbiome and prevent nutrient deficiencies.

The "Foundation Guild"

Lipping Zhao pointed out that our ancestors had much higher intake of dietary fibres than current consumption rates. Reduced intake of fibres and diminished prevalence of SCFA-producing bacteria may underlie many chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. In a randomised controlled intervention trial with Chinese type 2 diabetes patients,[4] high intake of diverse dietary fibres (WTP diet) selectively promoted abundance of a group of acetic and butyric acid producer strains in the gut. The WTP diet is based on wholegrains, traditional Chinese medicinal foods and prebiotics. The WTP diet improved glucose homeostasis by reducing glycated haemoglobin, fasting blood glucose and meal tolerance test.

Abundance of the SCFA producers in faeces correlated with the metabolic outcomes and the blood levels of glucagon- like peptide-1 and peptide YY, which induce insulin secretion. Moreover, reduction of faecal pH by SCFA production correlated with inhibition of detrimental bacteria that promote inflammation and suppress glucagon-like peptide-1 production. In addition to providing SCFAs to directly benefit the host, this group of SCFA producers played important ecological functions in the gut microbiota. Lipping Zhao suggested that they work as the “foundation guild” for structuring the healthy gut microbiota. To help patients regain a healthy gut microbiota, “this foundation guild must be re-seeded and re-established”, he said.

FODMAPS and IBS

As reviewed by Magnus Simren (University of Gothenburg), the low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs) diet is now being recommended by up to 85% of doctors to treat functional abdominal symptoms. Clinical trials suggest that some patients have a short-term favourable response to a low FODMAP diet, but whether this dietary advice is clearly better than the first line dietary therapy for IBS is uncertain. Of concern, short-term use of the low FODMAP diet has been associated with potentially unfavourable changes in gut microbiota composition, including reduction of fermentative species (Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium and Clostridium cluster XIVa) and increased dysbiotic index scores.[5]

A randomized controlled trial compared effects of the low FODMAP diet or the prebiotic GOS on gut microbiota composition.[6] Changes in faecal microbiota differed between both groups after a 4-week treatment period, particularly in relation to bifidobacteria (increase in the prebiotic group and decrease in the low FODMAP group) and Bilophila wadsworthia (the opposite pattern). Despite distinct effects on microbiota, reductions of symptoms were very similar in both groups. Of interest, the decrease in symptoms persisted during the 2-week follow-up after cessation of prebiotic intake, but reappeared immediately after discontinuation the low FODMAP diet. Modulation of gut microbiota as a treatment strategy for IBS seems promising, but long-term safety aspects need to be taken into account. Diets that reduce symptoms but deteriorate gut health (and general health in the long term) should not be the first choice.

Symbiotic trial to prevent newborn sepsis 

Sepsis in early infancy results in one million annual deaths worldwide, most of them in developing countries. Pinaki Panigrahi presented an intervention study to prevent sepsis among infants in rural India.[7] An oral symbiotic preparation (Lactobacillus plantarum plus fructooligosaccharide) significantly reduced sepsis and death in newborns (risk ratio 0.60, 95% confidence interval 0.48–0.74). This finding suggests that a large proportion of neonatal sepsis in developing countries could be effectively prevented using probiotic- prebiotic treatment.

Conclusion

This finding suggests that a large proportion of neonatal sepsis in developing countries could be effectively prevented using probiotic- prebiotic treatment.

Sources

1 Rothschild D, Weissbrod O, Barkan E, et al. Environment dominates over host genetics in shaping human gut microbiota. Nature 2018 ; 555 : 210-15.

2 McDonald D, Hyde E, Debelius JW, et al. American gut: an open platform for citizen science microbiome research. mSystems 2018 ; 3.

3 Byndloss MX, Pernitzsch SR, Bäumler AJ. Healthy hosts rule within: ecological forces shaping the gut microbiota. Mucosal Immunol 2018 ; 11 : 1299-305.

4 Zhao L, Zhang F, Ding X, et al. Gut bacteria selectively promoted by dietary fibers alleviate type 2 diabetes. Science 2018 ; 359 : 1151-6.

5 Bennet SMP, Böhn L, Störsrud S, et al. Multivariate modelling of faecal bacterial profiles of patients with IBS predicts responsiveness to a diet low in FODMAPs. Gut 2018 ; 67 : 872-81.

6 Huaman JW, Mego M, Manichanh C, et al. Effects of prebiotic vs a diet low in FODMAPs in patients with functional gut disorders. Gastroenterology 2018 ; 155 : 1004-7.

7 Panigrahi P, Parida S, Nanda NC, et al. A randomized synbiotic trial to prevent sepsis among infants in rural India. Nature 2017 ; 548 : 407-412.

Tags
Gastroenterology Pediatrics FODMAPS Diet GMFH

en_view en_sources

    Focus
    Microbiota 7 - June 2019
    • Overview
      • Digestive cancers and intestinal microbiota: from oncogenesis to response to treatment
    • Commented articles
      • Reconstitution of the gut microbiota of antibiotic-treated patients by autologous faecal microbiota transplant
      • Treatment of active crohn’s disease with an ordinary foodbased diet that replicates exclusive enteral nutrition
    • Congress review
      • Review of the main contributions related to the intestinal microbiota
      • Gut Microbiota for Health World Summit 2019
    • Press review
      • The impact of the parents’ microbiome on the descendants health
      • Esophageal microbiome cause or consequence esophageal diseases
    Created 25 August 2021
    Updated 04 November 2021

    About this article

    To know more about this topic.

    Main topic

    IBD

    Content type

    Congress review
    Review of the main contributions related to the intestinal microbiota
    The impact of the parents’ microbiome on the descendants health
    Focus

    Microbiota 7 - June 2019

    Overview

    Digestive cancers and intestinal microbiota: from oncogenesis to response to treatment

    Commented articles

    Reconstitution of the gut microbiota of antibiotic-treated patients by autologous faecal microbiota transplant Treatment of active crohn’s disease with an ordinary foodbased diet that replicates exclusive enteral nutrition

    Congress review

    Review of the main contributions related to the intestinal microbiota Gut Microbiota for Health World Summit 2019

    Press review

    The impact of the parents’ microbiome on the descendants health Esophageal microbiome cause or consequence esophageal diseases

    Continue reading

    News
    14.03.2023

    Positive impact of running on gut microbiota and adolescent depression

    Read the article
    09.03.2023

    Each subtype of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) has its own dysbiosis

    Read the article

    Xpeer course: Detection, Prevention and Treatment of Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis

    Find out more
    Parkinson : le microbiote intestinal, chef d’orchestre des mécanismes pathogéniques ?
    27.02.2023

    Does the gut microbiota orchestrate pathogenic mechanisms in Parkinson’s disease?

    Read the article

    Your IBS Diagnosis Check List

    How many patients suffering from gut disorder do you see per week? How many are diagnosed with Irritable Bo...

    Find out more

    Impact of beer and non alcoholic consumption on the gut microbiota

    By Pr. Bernd SchnablDivision of Gastroenterology, San Diego Digestive Diseases Research Center (SDDRC), UC ...

    Find out more
    Everything you need to know about Microbiota & Immunity
    15.09.2022

    Everything you need to know about Microbiota & Immunity

    Read the article
    The psychobiotic diet: modulating gut microbiota to reduce stress
    13.02.2023

    The psychobiotic diet: modulating gut microbiota to reduce stress

    Read the article
    What's worth reading about microbiota
    Follow us on Twitter
    Read our thematic folder
    The Janus face of Antibiotics: Life Savers & Microbiota Disrupters
    NL13_cover
    Check out latest newsletter
    IBS, Microbiota & Covid-19
    • Our publications
      • News
      • Microbiota Mag
      • Thematic folders
      • Overviews - Microbiota Magazine
    • About the Institute
      • Partnerships
      • Press room
    • Congresses
      • Congress calendar
      • Congress reviews
    • Continuing Medical Education
      • Accrediting courses
      • Xpeer App
    • Useful documents
      • Infographics
      About the Institute

      Join the microbiota community

      • Facebook
      • Twitter
      • LinkedIn
      • YouTube

    Lay public section

    Find here your dedicated section
    Gastroenterology
    Gynecology
    Pediatrics
    Dermatology
    • English
    • Français
    • Español
    • Russian

    Browse the site

    • Our publications
      • News
      • Microbiota Mag
      • Thematic folders
      • Overviews - Microbiota Magazine
    • About the Institute
      • Partnerships
      • Press room
    • Congresses
      • Congress calendar
      • Congress reviews
    • Continuing Medical Education
      • Accrediting courses
      • Xpeer App
    • Useful documents
      • Infographics
      About the Institute

      Join the microbiota community

      • Facebook
      • Twitter
      • LinkedIn
      • YouTube

    Lay public section

    Find here your dedicated section

    Discover

    Gastroenterology
    Gynecology
    Pediatrics
    Dermatology

    Join the microbiota community

    • Facebook
    • Twitter
    • LinkedIn
    • YouTube

    Lay public section

    Find here your dedicated section

    Redirection

    You are about to be redirected and leave our website

    • Be redirected
    • Stay on the Biocodex Microbiota Institute's website

    Stay with us !

    Join the Microbiota Community of HCPs and researchers and receive “Microbiota Digest” and "Microbiota Mag" to stay up to date on the latest news about microbiota.

    * Mandatory Fields

    BMI 20-35

    Explore

    14.03.2023

    Positive impact of running on gut microbiota and adolescent depression

    Read the article
    09.03.2023

    Each subtype of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) has its own dysbiosis

    Read the article
    Parkinson : le microbiote intestinal, chef d’orchestre des mécanismes pathogéniques ?
    27.02.2023

    Does the gut microbiota orchestrate pathogenic mechanisms in Parkinson’s disease?

    Read the article

    Stay updated

    Join the Microbiota Community of HCPs and researchers and receive “Microbiota Digest” and "Microbiota Mag" to stay up to date on the latest news about microbiota.

    * Mandatory Fields

    BMI 20-35

    • Our publications
      • News
      • Microbiota Mag
      • Thematic folders
      • Overviews - Microbiota Magazine
    • About the Institute
      • Partnerships
      • Press room
    • Congresses
      • Congress calendar
      • Congress reviews
    • Continuing Medical Education
      • Accrediting courses
      • Xpeer App
    • Useful documents
      • Infographics
      About the Institute

      Join the microbiota community

      • Facebook
      • Twitter
      • LinkedIn
      • YouTube

    Lay public section

    Find here your dedicated section

    Discover

    Gastroenterology
    Gynecology
    Pediatrics
    Dermatology

    Lay public section

    Find here your dedicated section

    Join the microbiota community

    • Facebook
    • Twitter
    • LinkedIn
    • YouTube

    © 2022 Biocodex. All rights reserved.

    • Cookies Policy
    • Data protection policy
    • GTU
    • Sitemap
    • Cookies settings
    Biocodex logo