Skip to main content
About the Institute
  • English
  • Français
  • Español
  • Russian

Breadcrumb

  1. Home
  2. Microbiota 7 - June 2019
  3. Esophageal microbiome cause or consequence esophageal diseases
  • Our publications
    • News
    • Microbiota Mag
    • Thematic folders
    • Overviews - Microbiota Magazine
  • About the Institute
    • Partnerships
    • Press room
  • Congresses
    • Congress calendar
    • Congress reviews
  • Continuing Medical Education
    • Accrediting courses
    • Xpeer App
  • Useful documents
    • Infographic
    About the Institute

    Join the microbiota community

    • Facebook
    • Twitter
    • YouTube

Lay public section

Find here your dedicated section
Gastroenterology
Gynecology
Pediatrics
Dermatology

Breadcrumb

  1. Home
  2. Microbiota 7 - June 2019
  3. Esophageal microbiome cause or consequence esophageal diseases
Gastroenterology

Esophageal microbiome cause or consequence esophageal diseases

Reflux

Press review

By Pr. Markku Voutilainen
Turku University Faculty of Medicine; Turku University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Turku, Finland

Gastroenterology
Gynecology
Pediatrics
Dermatology
  • Our publications
    • News
    • Microbiota Mag
    • Thematic folders
    • Overviews - Microbiota Magazine
  • About the Institute
    • Partnerships
    • Press room
  • Congresses
    • Congress calendar
    • Congress reviews
  • Continuing Medical Education
    • Accrediting courses
    • Xpeer App
  • Useful documents
    • Infographic
    About the Institute

    Join the microbiota community

    • Facebook
    • Twitter
    • YouTube

Lay public section

Find here your dedicated section

Sources

This article is based on scientific information

Sharing is caring

Your colleagues might be interested in this topic. Why not share it?

  • Facebook
  • Twitter
  • Mail

Sections

Illustration showing gastroesophageal reflux.

About this article

Created 25 August 2021
Updated 04 November 2021

Gastroesophageal reflux disease is common in western world. Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is the complication of reflux disease and the major risk factor of esophageal adenocarcinoma, which has a five-year survival rate less than 20%.

Recent review examined the role of esophageal microbiome in BE and esophageal cancer.[1] Esophagus is exposed to swallowed oral microorganisms and also microbes of the refluxed gastric contents. Esophageal microbiota is not similar to oral nor gastric microbiota. The first bacteria detected in the esophagus were Strectococcus viridans and group D Streptococcus. Later six phyla were observed by broad-range 16S ribosomal DNA gene clone sequencing including Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, and Streptococcus. BE and high-grade dysplasia were associated with the highest number of bacteria. In patients with esophagitis and BE the number of Streptococcus was diminished while gram-negative anaerobes and microaerophiles were increased.

BE and esophageal adenocarcinoma are associated with increased number of Escherichia coli. Another gram-negative species detected in esophageal cancer patients is Fusobacterium nucleatum. Also oral dysbiosis may be related to the increased risk of esophageal cancer, while gastric Helicobacter pylori seems to protect against esophageal cancer. Gastric dysbiosis such as increase of Clostridiales and Erysipelotrichaceae is associated with esophageal squamous carcinoma. Also fungi, for example Candica albicans and C. glabrata are often detected in esophageal samples from patients with esophaghageal adenocarcinoma. An epidemiologic study showed dose-dependent association between penicillin use and increased risk of esophageal cancer. Also proton pump inhibitors modify gastric and esophageal microbiome.

The present data of esophageal microbiota were obtained from small, selected, and symptomatic patient populations in cross-sectional studies. Thus no conclusions of causality between esophageal microbiota and esophageal diseases can be made. Only a small portion of patients with BE develop adenocarcinoma and further studies are needed to define the role of esophageal dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of cancer. One topic for further research is the impact of proton pump inhibitors on esophageal microbiota and on the risk for esophageal diseases.[1]

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an allergic chronic inflammatory disease that is the most common cause of dysphagia in children and young adults in developed countries. EoE has common inflammatory features with other allergic diseases and allergen exposure probably has a central role in EoE pathogenesis. Capucilli and Hill have reviewed EoE epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment.[2] The esophageal microbiota may be involved in the pathogenesis of EoE. The esophagus is colonized by hundreds of bacterial species and members of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla are the commonest [2]. In patients with active EoE, the genera Streptococcus and Atopobium are decreased while Neisseria and Corynebacterium are increased. Another study showed that the total amount of esophageal bacteria and Haemophilus genus specifically were increased in EoE. Proton pump inhibitors that are used in the treatment of EoE, cause an enrichment of Proteobacteria phylum. Esophageal bacterial load is increased in EoE patients irrespective of treatment or the severity of esophageal mucosal eosinophilia. Like in other allergic and autoimmune diseases, antibiotic treatment and caesarean delivery are associated with increased risk of EoE.[2]

Conclusion

Studies were cross-sectional and there is no data on the stability of esophageal microbiota over time. More studies are needed to define the role of esophageal microbiota in the pathogenesis and activation of EoE.

Sources

1 Ajayi TA, Cantrell S, Spann A, KS G. Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal cancer: links to microbes and the microbiome. PLOS Pathogens 2018 ; 14(12).

2 Capucilli P, Hill DA. Allergic comorbidity in eosinophilic esophagitis: mechanistic relevance and clinical implications. Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol. 2019 Aug;57(1):111-127.

Tags
Gastroenterology

en_view en_sources

    Focus
    Microbiota 7 - June 2019
    • Overview
      • Digestive cancers and intestinal microbiota: from oncogenesis to response to treatment
    • Commented articles
      • Reconstitution of the gut microbiota of antibiotic-treated patients by autologous faecal microbiota transplant
      • Treatment of active crohn’s disease with an ordinary foodbased diet that replicates exclusive enteral nutrition
    • Congress review
      • Review of the main contributions related to the intestinal microbiota
      • Gut Microbiota for Health World Summit 2019
    • Press review
      • The impact of the parents’ microbiome on the descendants health
      • Esophageal microbiome cause or consequence esophageal diseases
    Created 25 August 2021
    Updated 04 November 2021

    About this article

    To know more about this topic.

    Main topic

    Reflux

    Content type

    Press review
    The impact of the parents’ microbiome on the descendants health
    Focus

    Microbiota 7 - June 2019

    Overview

    Digestive cancers and intestinal microbiota: from oncogenesis to response to treatment

    Commented articles

    Reconstitution of the gut microbiota of antibiotic-treated patients by autologous faecal microbiota transplant Treatment of active crohn’s disease with an ordinary foodbased diet that replicates exclusive enteral nutrition

    Congress review

    Review of the main contributions related to the intestinal microbiota Gut Microbiota for Health World Summit 2019

    Press review

    The impact of the parents’ microbiome on the descendants health Esophageal microbiome cause or consequence esophageal diseases
    Gastroenterology
    22.11.2021

    Irritable bowel syndrome: is fecal microbiota transplantation effective in the long term?

    Read the article
    Cancer du pancréas : un diagnostic précoce non invasif grâce au microbiote fécal ?
    16.06.2022

    Pancreatic cancer: non-invasive early diagnosis thanks to the fecal microbiota?

    Read the article
    Photo: Régime méditerranéen « vert » : quels liens entre santé cardiométabolique et microbiote intestinal ?
    10.06.2022

    Green Mediterranean diet: what links between cardiometabolic health and gut microbiota?

    Read the article
    Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) efficacy: the right dose of bacteria
    02.06.2022

    Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) efficacy: the right dose of bacteria

    Read the article
    18.05.2022

    Gut microbiota and vitamin D: a promising team in the fight against osteoporosis?

    Read the article
    Photo: Neonatal sepsis: the microbiota pays a heavy price for antibiotic use
    09.05.2022

    Neonatal sepsis: the microbiota pays a heavy price for antibiotic use

    Read the article
    26.04.2022

    Severe obesity: the vicious circle of biotin metabolism

    Read the article
    22.04.2022

    SCFAs: new intestinal markers of Parkinson’s disease?

    Read the article
    What's worth reading about microbiota
    Follow us on Twitter
    Read our thematic folder
    The Janus face of Antibiotics: Life Savers & Microbiota Disrupters
    NL13_cover
    Check out latest newsletter
    IBS, Microbiota & Covid-19
    • Our publications
      • News
      • Microbiota Mag
      • Thematic folders
      • Overviews - Microbiota Magazine
    • About the Institute
      • Partnerships
      • Press room
    • Congresses
      • Congress calendar
      • Congress reviews
    • Continuing Medical Education
      • Accrediting courses
      • Xpeer App
    • Useful documents
      • Infographic
      About the Institute

      Join the microbiota community

      • Facebook
      • Twitter
      • YouTube

    Lay public section

    Find here your dedicated section
    Gastroenterology
    Gynecology
    Pediatrics
    Dermatology
    • English
    • Français
    • Español
    • Russian

    Browse the site

    • Our publications
      • News
      • Microbiota Mag
      • Thematic folders
      • Overviews - Microbiota Magazine
    • About the Institute
      • Partnerships
      • Press room
    • Congresses
      • Congress calendar
      • Congress reviews
    • Continuing Medical Education
      • Accrediting courses
      • Xpeer App
    • Useful documents
      • Infographic
      About the Institute

      Join the microbiota community

      • Facebook
      • Twitter
      • YouTube

    Lay public section

    Find here your dedicated section

    Discover

    Gastroenterology
    Gynecology
    Pediatrics
    Dermatology

    Join the microbiota community

    • Facebook
    • Twitter
    • YouTube

    Lay public section

    Find here your dedicated section

    Redirection

    You are about to be redirected and leave our website

    • Be redirected
    • Stay on the Biocodex Microbiota Institute's website

    Stay with us !

    Join the Microbiota Community of HCPs and researchers and receive once a month the “Microbiota Digest” to stay up to date on the latest news about microbiota.

    * Mandatory Fields

    BMI 20-35

    Explore

    Photo: Postménopause : l'action bénéfique de l'estradiol sur le microbiote vaginal
    22.06.2022

    Postmenopause: the beneficial action of estradiol on the vaginal microbiota

    Read the article
    WMD_Foundation KOL USA 2018
    17.06.2022

    Dr. Yang (USA winner 2018): Gut microbiota & gut brain axis

    Read the article
    WMD_Foundation KOL USA 2017
    17.06.2022

    Dr. Singh (USA winner 2017): Microbiota & polyphenols

    Read the article

    Stay updated

    Join the Microbiota Community of HCPs and researchers and receive once a month the “Microbiota Digest” to stay up to date on the latest news about microbiota.

    * Mandatory Fields

    BMI 20-35

    • Our publications
      • News
      • Microbiota Mag
      • Thematic folders
      • Overviews - Microbiota Magazine
    • About the Institute
      • Partnerships
      • Press room
    • Congresses
      • Congress calendar
      • Congress reviews
    • Continuing Medical Education
      • Accrediting courses
      • Xpeer App
    • Useful documents
      • Infographic
      About the Institute

      Join the microbiota community

      • Facebook
      • Twitter
      • YouTube

    Lay public section

    Find here your dedicated section

    Discover

    Gastroenterology
    Gynecology
    Pediatrics
    Dermatology

    Lay public section

    Find here your dedicated section

    Join the microbiota community

    • Facebook
    • Twitter
    • YouTube

    © 2022 Biocodex. All rights reserved.

    • Cookies Policy
    • Data protection policy
    • GTU
    • Sitemap
    • Cookies settings
    Biocodex logo