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The power of your gut

Functional gastrointestinal disorders : digestive symptoms

Functional gastrointestinal disorders
The gut microbiota Fecal transplant

There are many names for these diseases: irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), spastic colitis, colopathy or even functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID). However, it is not just a semantic issue. In all cases, the quality of life of the patient is significantly impacted.

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About this article

Created 19 December 2019
Updated 23 July 2024

The microbiota of patients with irritable bowel syndrome is less diversified and shows greater abundance of enterobacteria, but with a lower content in bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. Functional gastrointestinal disorders are characterized by a decreased production of butyrate and an increased production of acetic and propionic acids, which are three substances associated with bloating. Abdominal pain, diarrhea and constipation are other symptoms of these disorders. In the US, an estimated 20% of the population is affected14.

Controversial effects

Aside from ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome is the only other gastrointestinal condition for which a treatment with fecal microbiota transplant has been studied in clinical trials14. One of them showed a decrease in intestinal discomfort, abdominal pain and flatulence in transplant recipients. However, the results varied depending on the initial nature of the gut microbiota: the best responders to fecal microbiota transplant had an initial high content of Streptococci and they had a greater increase in biodiversity. Other works confirm the increased diversity and abundance of the microbiota after the administration of fecal matter capsules; however, patients reported a better improvement in symptoms when they received... placebo! Although these results do not undermine the efficacy of FMT in people with functional gastrointestinal disorders, detailed microbiota analyses before and after the transplant are necessary, according to the researchers.

What about constipation?

Constipation is potentially associated to gut dysbiosis and has been the focus of several works aiming at assessing the usefulness of FMT in this transit disorder13. In a study conducted in about sixty adults suffering from slow transit that compared the standard treatment to 6 courses of FMT, the latter was shown to cause a significant improvement of symptoms and transit, and more generally, in the quality of life15. These encouraging results still need to be confirmed: studies are also ongoing with specific strains, lactobacilli and bifidobacteria13.

Sources

13 Maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l’Intestin (MICI). Inserm. Fév. 2016

14 D’Haens GR, Jobin C. Fecal Microbial Transplantation For Diseases Beyond Recurrent Clostridium Difficile Infection. Gastroenterology. 2019 June

15 Tom Holvoet, et al. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Predominant Abdominal Bloating: Results from a Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Gastroenterology. 2018

Tags
Microbiome Flora

    See also

    Image1_Article5_DTO Fecal transplant: a promising route?
    Actu GP : Mieux définir les banques de selles pour déployer la greffe Improving the definition of stool banks to promote the widespread adoption of FMT
    Focus
    Fecal microbiota transplant
    • What is FMT?
      • The mechanism of FMT: transplanting to restore the balance
      • FMT, in practice: from the donor to the side effects
    • Proven efficacity for a single indication
      • Recurrent Clostridium difficile colitis: the only validated indication
    • What about tomorrow
      • Chronic inflammatory bowel diseases and FMT
      • Functional gastrointestinal disorders : digestive symptoms
      • Hepatic encephalopathy
      • Metabolic disorders and FMT
      • Expert Interview : Pr Harry Sokol
    Created 19 December 2019
    Updated 23 July 2024

    About this article

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    Main topic

    Functional gastrointestinal disorders

    Related microbiotas

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    Chronic inflammatory bowel diseases and FMT
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    What about tomorrow

    Chronic inflammatory bowel diseases and FMT Functional gastrointestinal disorders : digestive symptoms Hepatic encephalopathy Metabolic disorders and FMT Expert Interview : Pr Harry Sokol
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