Skip to main content
About the Institute
  • English
  • Français
  • Español
  • Russian

Breadcrumb

  1. Home
  2. Microbiota 8 - October 2019
  3. The gut microbiome and chronic inflammatory diseases
  • Our publications
    • News
    • Microbiota Mag
    • Thematic folders
    • Overviews - Microbiota Magazine
  • About the Institute
    • Partnerships
    • Press room
  • Congresses
    • Congress calendar
    • Congress reviews
  • Continuing Medical Education
    • Accrediting courses
    • Xpeer App
  • Useful documents
    • Infographics
    About the Institute

    Join the microbiota community

    • Facebook
    • Twitter
    • LinkedIn
    • YouTube

Lay public section

Find here your dedicated section
Gastroenterology
Gynecology
Pediatrics
Dermatology

Breadcrumb

  1. Home
  2. Microbiota 8 - October 2019
  3. The gut microbiome and chronic inflammatory diseases
Gastroenterology

The gut microbiome and chronic inflammatory diseases

IBD

Press review

By Pr. Markku Voutilainen
Turku University Faculty of Medicine; Turku University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Turku, Finland

Gastroenterology
Gynecology
Pediatrics
Dermatology
  • Our publications
    • News
    • Microbiota Mag
    • Thematic folders
    • Overviews - Microbiota Magazine
  • About the Institute
    • Partnerships
    • Press room
  • Congresses
    • Congress calendar
    • Congress reviews
  • Continuing Medical Education
    • Accrediting courses
    • Xpeer App
  • Useful documents
    • Infographics
    About the Institute

    Join the microbiota community

    • Facebook
    • Twitter
    • LinkedIn
    • YouTube

Lay public section

Find here your dedicated section

Sources

This article is based on scientific information

Sharing is caring

Your colleagues might be interested in this topic. Why not share it?

  • Facebook
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Mail

Sections

3D illustration of Pasteurella multocida bacteria. This is a Gram-negative, non-motile, penicillin-sensitive coccobacillus belonging to the Pasteurellaceae family.

About this article

Created 25 August 2021
Updated 05 January 2022

The authors have reviewed gut microbiota alterations in chronic inflammatory diseases.[1] Chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriasis/psoriatic arthritis (Ps/PsA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are the major chronic immune-mediated diseases (IMID) affecting globally 5–8% of the population. Environmental stimuli initiate pathological immunological response in genetically susceptible individuals. Gut microbiome may start aberrant immune responses.

Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease are the two most common types of IBD in the western world, but their prevalence has increased globally. IBD is a chronic and incurable disease with low mortality most often diagnosed at a young age, which leads to compounding prevalence of IBD. IBD patients have an increased risk for other immune mediated diseases such as Ps, RA, AS and primary sclerosing cholangitis.

IBD patients have increased number of Proteobacteria (e.g., adherent-invasive Escherichia coli), Pasteurellaceae, Veillonellaceae, Fusobacterium and Rumincoccus gnavus. IBD patients typically have lowered number of Clostridium groups IV and XIVa, Bacteroides, Suterella, Roseburia,  Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Of the fungi, Saccharomyces cerevisiae is lowered. Of viruses, Caudovirales are higher in IBD patients.

Similarly to IBD, patients which multiple sclerosis have lower abundance of Faecalibacterium suggesting that this could be a sign of systemic inflammation. RA probably starts at the oral or gut mucosa and autoimmunity to citrullinated proteins is a typical phenomenon. Also in RA patients, a reduction of Faecalibacterium and increase in Actinobacteria was reported. We do not know whether gut dysbiosis is a cause or effect of RA. Of viral infections, parvovirus B 19 and hepatitis C are associated with increased RA risk. Also patients with AS, Ps/PsA, and SLE reportedly have altered gut microbiome profile.

In the gut, protective bacteria increase beneficial metabolites like butyrate and polysaccharide A stimulating regulatory T-cell production. Decreased abundance of these bacteria is typical for IMIDs leading diminished immune tolerance. Dysbiosis and increased gut permeability may stimulate dendritic cells at the gut mucosa resulting the production of inflammatory cytokines. Increase in xenobiotic metabolites (e.g. methane) stimulates TH 17 cells, which play important role in IMID pathogenesis. Stimulation of proteases may generate production of autoantigens typical for IMIDs. A decrease in butyrate- producing bacteria is typical for IBD and other IMIDs.

Long-term diet influences to gut microbiome profile, but also acute changes are detected. A change from animal-based diet to a plant-based diet alters gut microbiome within one day. The single diet components studied include animal, whey and pea protein, high/low fat, high saturated/ unsaturated fat, lactose, artificial sweetener, fiber, resistant starch, probiotics and polyphenols. Mediterranean and vegetarian diet increase gut bacterial diversity, whereas western and gluten-free diet may decrease microbial diversity. Decreased bacterial diversity and loss of short-chain fatty acid producing bacteria are associated with IBD.

Dysbiosis profiles are common for IMIDs, but some dysbiosis subtypes are specific for single disease. Possibly a set of microbial metabolites produced by a variety of microbial compositions could be involved in the pathogenesis of IMIDs. Microbiome’s functional profile may be the decisive factor in the IMID pathogenesis.

IBD, other IMIDs and metabolic diseases are associated with westernized lifestyle (diet, increased sanitation). Hygiene practices and the use of antibiotics may lead to unfavorable alterations of the microbiome, which could cause disorders in the maturation and function of the immune system. Probiotics and antibiotics are not effective treatments for IBD. Also only one third of ulcerative colitis patients reach remission after fecal microbial transplantation. The authors conclude that dysbiosis may not be specific for IBD but generally modulate the immune system. People may be genetically programmed to respond to immune changes in different organ systems leading to different IMIDs.

Sources

1 Knox NC, Forbes JD, Peterson C-L, et al. The gut microbiome in inflammatory bowel disease. Lessons learned from other immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Am J Gastroenterol 2019 ; 114 : 1051-70.

Tags
Gastroenterology

en_view en_sources

    Focus
    Microbiota 8 - October 2019
    • Overview
      • Microbiota and metabolic diseases
    • Commented articles
      • Parkinson’s disease: discovery and inhibition of levodopa metabolism by gut bacteria
      • Clinical and biological predictors of response to standardized pediatric colitis therapy: a prospective multicenter study
    • Congress review
      • Focus on the 4th biennial meeting of the ESNM
      • ESPGHAN: main contributions on intestinal microbiota in children
    • Press review
      • Gut microbiota and age-related frailty
      • The mediterranean diet, gut microbiota and noncommunicable diseases
      • The gut microbiome and chronic inflammatory diseases
    Created 25 August 2021
    Updated 05 January 2022

    About this article

    To know more about this topic.

    Main topic

    IBD

    Content type

    Press review
    The mediterranean diet, gut microbiota and noncommunicable diseases
    Focus

    Microbiota 8 - October 2019

    Overview

    Microbiota and metabolic diseases

    Commented articles

    Parkinson’s disease: discovery and inhibition of levodopa metabolism by gut bacteria Clinical and biological predictors of response to standardized pediatric colitis therapy: a prospective multicenter study

    Congress review

    Focus on the 4th biennial meeting of the ESNM ESPGHAN: main contributions on intestinal microbiota in children

    Press review

    Gut microbiota and age-related frailty The mediterranean diet, gut microbiota and noncommunicable diseases The gut microbiome and chronic inflammatory diseases
    Gastroenterology
    14.03.2023

    Positive impact of running on gut microbiota and adolescent depression

    Read the article
    09.03.2023

    Each subtype of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) has its own dysbiosis

    Read the article
    Parkinson : le microbiote intestinal, chef d’orchestre des mécanismes pathogéniques ?
    27.02.2023

    Does the gut microbiota orchestrate pathogenic mechanisms in Parkinson’s disease?

    Read the article

    Your IBS Diagnosis Check List

    How many patients suffering from gut disorder do you see per week? How many are diagnosed with Irritable Bo...

    Find out more

    Human milk nutrient fortifiers alter the developing gastrointestinal microbiota of very-low-birth-weight infants

    Commented article - Children's section By Pr. Emmanuel M...

    Find out more

    Impact of beer and non alcoholic consumption on the gut microbiota

    By Pr. Bernd SchnablDivision of Gastroenterology, San Diego Digestive Diseases Research Center (SDDRC), UC ...

    Find out more
    Everything you need to know about Microbiota & Immunity
    15.09.2022

    Everything you need to know about Microbiota & Immunity

    Read the article
    The psychobiotic diet: modulating gut microbiota to reduce stress
    13.02.2023

    The psychobiotic diet: modulating gut microbiota to reduce stress

    Read the article
    What's worth reading about microbiota
    Follow us on Twitter
    Read our thematic folder
    The Janus face of Antibiotics: Life Savers & Microbiota Disrupters
    NL13_cover
    Check out latest newsletter
    IBS, Microbiota & Covid-19
    • Our publications
      • News
      • Microbiota Mag
      • Thematic folders
      • Overviews - Microbiota Magazine
    • About the Institute
      • Partnerships
      • Press room
    • Congresses
      • Congress calendar
      • Congress reviews
    • Continuing Medical Education
      • Accrediting courses
      • Xpeer App
    • Useful documents
      • Infographics
      About the Institute

      Join the microbiota community

      • Facebook
      • Twitter
      • LinkedIn
      • YouTube

    Lay public section

    Find here your dedicated section
    Gastroenterology
    Gynecology
    Pediatrics
    Dermatology
    • English
    • Français
    • Español
    • Russian

    Browse the site

    • Our publications
      • News
      • Microbiota Mag
      • Thematic folders
      • Overviews - Microbiota Magazine
    • About the Institute
      • Partnerships
      • Press room
    • Congresses
      • Congress calendar
      • Congress reviews
    • Continuing Medical Education
      • Accrediting courses
      • Xpeer App
    • Useful documents
      • Infographics
      About the Institute

      Join the microbiota community

      • Facebook
      • Twitter
      • LinkedIn
      • YouTube

    Lay public section

    Find here your dedicated section

    Discover

    Gastroenterology
    Gynecology
    Pediatrics
    Dermatology

    Join the microbiota community

    • Facebook
    • Twitter
    • LinkedIn
    • YouTube

    Lay public section

    Find here your dedicated section

    Redirection

    You are about to be redirected and leave our website

    • Be redirected
    • Stay on the Biocodex Microbiota Institute's website

    Stay with us !

    Join the Microbiota Community of HCPs and researchers and receive “Microbiota Digest” and "Microbiota Mag" to stay up to date on the latest news about microbiota.

    * Mandatory Fields

    BMI 20-35

    Explore

    14.03.2023

    Positive impact of running on gut microbiota and adolescent depression

    Read the article
    09.03.2023

    Each subtype of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) has its own dysbiosis

    Read the article
    Parkinson : le microbiote intestinal, chef d’orchestre des mécanismes pathogéniques ?
    27.02.2023

    Does the gut microbiota orchestrate pathogenic mechanisms in Parkinson’s disease?

    Read the article

    Stay updated

    Join the Microbiota Community of HCPs and researchers and receive “Microbiota Digest” and "Microbiota Mag" to stay up to date on the latest news about microbiota.

    * Mandatory Fields

    BMI 20-35

    • Our publications
      • News
      • Microbiota Mag
      • Thematic folders
      • Overviews - Microbiota Magazine
    • About the Institute
      • Partnerships
      • Press room
    • Congresses
      • Congress calendar
      • Congress reviews
    • Continuing Medical Education
      • Accrediting courses
      • Xpeer App
    • Useful documents
      • Infographics
      About the Institute

      Join the microbiota community

      • Facebook
      • Twitter
      • LinkedIn
      • YouTube

    Lay public section

    Find here your dedicated section

    Discover

    Gastroenterology
    Gynecology
    Pediatrics
    Dermatology

    Lay public section

    Find here your dedicated section

    Join the microbiota community

    • Facebook
    • Twitter
    • LinkedIn
    • YouTube

    © 2022 Biocodex. All rights reserved.

    • Cookies Policy
    • Data protection policy
    • GTU
    • Sitemap
    • Cookies settings
    Biocodex logo