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The power of your gut

What about the gut microbiota?

Gastroenteritis
The gut microbiota Infectious gastroenteritis

The gut microbiota is a mix of microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi…) making up a complex environment that interacts with the viruses responsible for gastroenteritis. Since each individual has a unique microbial ecosystem, these interactions, as well as the nature and severity of the symptoms, vary from person to person.11.

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This article is based on scientific information

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About this article

Created 23 September 2019
Updated 30 December 2021

No matter what virus is responsible, viral gastroenteritis leads to a decrease in diversity of species composing the gut microbiota and impacts the abundance of three species12 : Prevotella, Staphylococcus and Atopobium. The resulting imbalance (called “intestinal dysbiosis”) is the source of several symptoms observed in patients. For instance, abundant diarrhea that characterizes rotavirus-induced gastroenteritis is the result of disorganization of the microbiota that leads to the destruction of microbial barrier.

Is the gut microbiota a frenemy?

Dysbiosis alone cannot explain the whole story: for example, the norovirus can merge with “commensal” bacteria (i.e. beneficial and naturally present in the microbiota) or act together with “harmful” bacteria (pathogens) and cause inflammation. The body therefore produces natural antiviral substances, such as interferons. However, as a result of strong stimulation, these substances turn against the body and attack it, thus causing severe intestinal lesions. The underlying mechanisms ruling over the interactions between these agents are still poorly understood and are the subject of many research studies. But relations between norovirus and gut microbiota can also be beneficial: experiments in mice have shown that intestinal dysbiosis caused by antibiotics may prevent or mitigate norovirus infection.

The role of genetics

These findings give us an overview of the complex relations existing between viruses originating from our environment and microorganisms living in our intestines. In fact, they seem to depend on a third player: our genes. Based on studies carried out in rodents, we are not equal when it comes to fighting norovirus infections: there is an individual susceptibility which depends on our genetic makeup, our gut microbiota and the presence of concomitant infections, that leads to a great variety of symptoms and long-term effects.

Sources

11 Dinleyici EC et al. Time series analysis of the microbiota of children suffering from acute infectious diarrhea and their recovery after treatment. Front Microbiol. 2018 Jun 12

12 Chen SY, Tsai CN, et al. Intestinal microbiome in children with severe and complicated acute viral gastroenteritis. Sci. Rep. 7:46130. 

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    See also

    Actu GP : Microbiote et cellules immunitaires : sentinelles de l’intestin Microbiota and immune cells as intestinal sentinels
    Actu GP : Mieux manger peut-il renforcer l’immunité ? Can healthy eating habits strengthen immunity?
    Focus
    Gastroenteritis and other types of infectious diarrhea: when your microbiota is struggling
    • How to act on the microbiota to combat diarrhea
      • Diet: a key factor
      • Probiotics as a potential therapeutic tool
    • Who is responsible?
      • Rotavirus and norovirus are to blame
      • What about the gut microbiota?
    • Other troublemakers
      • When bacteria and parasites attack the gut microbiota
      • Diarrhea and use of antibiotics: case study
      • Expert Interview : Dr Julie Lemale
    Created 23 September 2019
    Updated 30 December 2021

    About this article

    To know more about this topic.

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    Gastroenteritis

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    The gut microbiota

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