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Dermatology

Non-pathological skin conditions associated with a dysbiosis

Skin health
Dermatology

Changes in the skin microbiota can also be seen in non-pathological skin conditions. The skin is constantly exposed to various endogenous, exogenous and lifestyle factors that can affect the physical, mechanical or microbial properties of the skin barrier.19

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Nappy rash. Close-up of perianal dermatitis in a 1 month old female patient, showing red and inflamed skins. 

About this article

Created 22 April 2021
Updated 07 January 2022

Discomfort, irritation, diaper rash

Sensitive skin “tightens”, tingles or burns in response to stimuli that would not normally cause such sensations. It is seen both in people with normal skin and in those with a disruption of the skin barrier.19 A hyperreactive cutaneous nervous system, the skin barrier and the skin microbiota are thought to be involved.19 An alteration of the stratum corneum in sensitive subjects may contribute to penetration by chemical, environmental and microbial agents associated with increased skin sensitivity.19

Diaper rash only affects skin exposed to diaper friction, excessive hydration and a variable pH, and in constant contact with urine and feces. Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus are potentially involved.20

Skin sensitivity may be linked to a hyperactive cutaneous nervous system, to the skin barrier and the skin microbiota.

Image
Cutaneous dysbiosis

Wound healing 

As a result of the physical tear of skin tissue, the wound healing process begins with inflammation that results from close cooperation between immune cells and bacteria involved in the process.21 Commensal bacteria such as Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas and Corynebacterium have both positive and negative effects on wound healing. They stimulate the host immune system and reduce invasion by other pathogenic microorganisms, but this loss of microbial diversity is often accompanied by prolonged inflammation, which may slow wound healing.21

This close relationship between host and skin microbiota in wound healing processes could open the door to novel therapies, such as creams rich in antimicrobial peptides, biofilm-destroying probiotics or anti-inflammatory bacteria.12,21


Body odor

Human body odors result from the metabolization by bacteria of sweat components (amino acids, fatty acids and glycerols), leading to the production of malodorous molecules, e.g. the “sulfurous” or “sour” odor of acetic acid produced by Staphylococcus spp. in children and adolescents, or the “sour” odor of thiols produced by Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus spp. in adults.7 The repeated use of deodorants and antiperspirants alters bacterial diversity in the armpit, favoring staphylococci over Corynebacterium, which may have counterproductive effects in adolescents.7

Expert opinion
Could probiotics be a third option for dealing with body odors, in addition to the two classical strategies, alcohol-based deodorants and antiperspirants?
"I think it’s possible that the regular, long-term application of a body odor product containing live microorganisms could change the microbiota of the armpit so that it’s less prone to producing odors. However, I suspect this would have a very mild effect and would probably be less effective than the antimicrobial effect of alcohol. Also, probiotics would not be able to prevent underarm dampness (sweat production) with the same effectiveness as the aluminum chlorohydrate that blocks sweat pores in antiperspirants."
DR. MARKUS EGERT
Sources

7 Schneider AM, Nelson AM. Skin microbiota: Friend or foe in pediatric skin health and skin disease. Pediatr Dermatol. 2019 Nov;36(6):815-822.

12 Yu Y, Dunaway S, Champer J, et al. Changing our microbiome: probiotics in dermatology. Br J Dermatol. 2020;182(1):39-46.

19 Seite S, Misery L. Skin sensitivity and skin microbiota: Is there a link? Exp Dermatol. 2018 Sep;27(9):1061-1064.

20 Šikić Pogačar M, Maver U, Marčun Varda N et al. Diagnosis and management of diaper dermatitis in infants with emphasis on skin microbiota in the diaper area. Int J Dermatol. 2018;57(3):265-275.

21 Johnson TR, Gómez BI, McIntyre MK, et al. The Cutaneous Microbiome and Wounds: New Molecular Targets to Promote Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(9):2699.

Tags
Psoriasis Acne Skin health Rosacea Atopic Dermatitis

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    Focus
    Skin under triple influences : gut, brain, skin microbiota
    • The skin microbiota
      • A unique set of skin microbiota for each individual
      • Factors affecting the skin microbiota
      • Functions of the microbiota and its interactions with the host
    • Skin diseases associated with a dysbiosis
      • Skin diseases associated with a dysbiosis
      • Non-pathological skin conditions associated with a dysbiosis
    • The gut-skin axis
      • Psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, rosacea: gut-skin axis involved
      • A gut-brain-skin axis?
    • Modulating the skin microbiota
      • Modulating the skin microbiota via topical applications
      • Modulating the skin microbiota with oral solutions
    • Expert opinion
      • Dr. Markus Eger : Probiotics, a complementary therapeutic option
    Created 22 April 2021
    Updated 07 January 2022

    About this article

    To know more about this topic.

    Main topic

    Skin health

    Medical practice

    Dermatology

    Content type

    Dossier detail
    Skin diseases associated with a dysbiosis
    Psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, rosacea: gut-skin axis involved
    Focus

    Skin under triple influences : gut, brain, skin microbiota

    The skin microbiota

    A unique set of skin microbiota for each individual Factors affecting the skin microbiota Functions of the microbiota and its interactions with the host

    Skin diseases associated with a dysbiosis

    Skin diseases associated with a dysbiosis Non-pathological skin conditions associated with a dysbiosis

    The gut-skin axis

    Psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, rosacea: gut-skin axis involved A gut-brain-skin axis?

    Modulating the skin microbiota

    Modulating the skin microbiota via topical applications Modulating the skin microbiota with oral solutions

    Expert opinion

    Dr. Markus Eger : Probiotics, a complementary therapeutic option
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